A novel method for electroencephalography background analysis in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore a new method for electroencephalography (EEG) background analysis in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and its relationship with clinical grading and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the video electroencephalography (vEEG) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) monitoring data within 24 hours after birth of neonates diagnosed with HIE from January 2016 to August 2022. All items of EEG background analysis were enrolled into an assessment system and were scored according to severity to obtain the total EEG score. The correlations of total EEG score with total MRI score and total Sarnat score (TSS, used to evaluate clinical gradings) were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The total EEG score was compared among the neonates with different clinical gradings and among the neonates with different head MRI gradings. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under thecurve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of total EEG score in diagnosing moderate/severe head MRI abnormalities and clinical moderate/severe HIE, which was then compared with the aEEG grading method.@*RESULTS@#A total of 50 neonates with HIE were included. The total EEG score was positively correlated with the total head MRI score and TSS (rs=0.840 and 0.611 respectively, P<0.001). There were significant differences in the total EEG score between different clinical grading groups and different head MRI grading groups (P<0.05). The total EEG score and the aEEG grading method had an AUC of 0.936 and 0.617 respectively in judging moderate/severe head MRI abnormalities (P<0.01) and an AUC of 0.887 and 0.796 respectively in judging clinical moderate/severe HIE (P>0.05). The total EEG scores of ≤6 points, 7-13 points, and ≥14 points were defined as mild, moderate, and severe EEG abnormalities respectively, which had the best consistency with clinical grading and head MRI grading (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The new EEG background scoring method can quantitatively reflect the severity of brain injury and can be used for the judgment of brain function in neonates with HIE.

Investigation on knowledge, attitude and behavior of volume management in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of volume management of maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to provide a basis for standardizing volume management and carrying out refined individual care.Methods:By means of convenience sampling, 608 patients from 4 hospitals who received regular dialysis treatment in Xuzhou and Yancheng hemodialysis rooms in October 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were surveyed by a self-designed knowledge questionnaires of volume management, Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients′ Capacity Management Behavior Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale. Questionnaires were collected through the questionnaire star.Results:A total of 608 valid questionnaires were collected. The knowledge dimension scored 8.21 ± 2.27 , atitude dimension scored 7.36 ± 2.06 and behavior dimension scored 15.07 ± 4.22. Multiplelinear regression analysis showed that age, dialysis age and self-care ability were predictors of volume management knowledge score ( t=-2.07, 2.35, -3.90, all P<0.05 ). Medical insurance type was a predictor of volume management attitude score ( t=-2.17, P<0.05). Education level was a predictor of volume management behavior score ( t=3.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The capacity management knowledge and capacity management attitude of maintenance hemodialysis patients is in the medium level, but with poor volume management executive ability. It is suggested that medical staff carry out health education related to volume management according to different characteristics of patients, and effectively improve patients′ volume management ability.

Research progress in biological characteristics and influencing factors of jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell / 中华口腔医学杂志

Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (JBMMSC), which exists in the maxilla and mandible, is adult stem cells with strong proliferation ability and multiple differentiation potential. Pathological, physicochemical and biological factors can affect the biological characteristics of JBMMSC. Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from long bone, the biological characteristics of JBMMSC are site-specific because of the different sources of tissue and osteogenesis of bone. The same influencing factors have different effects on these two kinds of cells. Besides, JBMMSC also has the advantages of easier access, less trauma and lower immunogenicity. It has broad application prospects in craniomaxillofacial defect repair, periodontal tissue regeneration, and improving the success rate after implantation and so on. It has attracted wide attention in the basic and clinical studies. However, the regulation mechanism of its proliferation and differentiation is not clear, which affects its application as seed cell. Therefore, this paper reviews the biological characteristics influencing factors of JBMMSC and application progress in clinical and basic research, aiming to provide reference for further research and clinical application.

Preliminary audiological evaluation of the SoundBite bone conduction devices in adults with single-sided deafness / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: The auditory deficits of single-sided deafness (SSD) can be treated with a novel intra-oral device, SoundBite, which delivers sound by applying vibratory signal to the teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and benefit of the bone conduction device for Chinese adults with SSD. Methods: Eighteen patients aged 19-66 yrs with acquired, permanent sensorineural SSD and no current treatment by any other devices for SSD, were recruited in a prospective controlled, nonrandomized, unblinded study. They were requested the continually daily wear of the new device over a 30-day free trial period. The intra-oral hearing device was placed around two maxillary teeth and was similar to a small partial denture or retainer. The audiological tests included pure tone air conduction thresholds, monosyllable word recognition score (WRS) in quiet and sentence reception thresholds in noise (via CMNmatrix test). The benefit was determined with the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) questionnaire. Results: The monosyllable WRS and the 50% threshold of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR50) were significantly better in all aided conditions. The head shadow effect, assessed by the SNR50 via CMNmatrix test improved an average of 2.6 dB after 30 days' wearing compared with unaided condition (P<0.001). The APHAB scores improved (P<0.05) for all subjects for the Global and Ease of Communication, Reverberation, Background Noise subscales. The SSQ scores improved (P<0.05) for all subjects for Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing subscales. Conclusion: The SoundBite is a good alternative to the well-established implantable bone conduction devices in patients with SSD. An improvement in listening ability in noise and quiet as well as a decrease of the head shadow effect is validated as the expected.

Recent advances of miRNAs in the development and clinical application of gastric cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The mechanism of how GC develops is vague, and therapies are inefficient. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenesis has attracted the attention from many scientists. During the development of GC, miRNAs function in the regulation of different phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, drug sensitivity and resistance, and stem-cell-like properties. MiRNAs were evaluated for use in diagnostic and prognostic predictions and exhibited considerable accuracy. Although many problems exist for the application of therapy, current studies showed the antitumor effects of miRNAs. This paper reviews recent advances in miRNA mechanisms in the development of GC and the potential use of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Clinical transformation of cartilage tissue engineering: Challenges and opportunities / 医学研究生学报

Cartilage is a tissue simple in composition, complex in structure and difficult to repair after injury. The development of cartilage tissue engineering has been prompted by the limitations of current treatment methods, but is now faced with difficulties in further clinical transformation. With an introduction to the present situation in the treatment of cartilage injury, we analyzed the challenges opportunities in the clinical transformation of cartilage tissue engineering, hoping to provide some ideas and methods to promote its development andclinical transformation.

Study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children with Bell's palsy / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To evaluate the function of auditory nerve and brainstem in children with Bell's palsy by using brainstem auditory evoked potential ( BAEP) . Methods A retrospective study was car-ried in total of 69 patients with Bell's palsy admitted in the pediatric department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018. There were 33 males and 36 females,aged 1 to 12 years old. Sixty healthy children served as control group. BAEP were determined in 69 patients and 60 healthy subjects. EEG and CT or MRI of brain were performed to exclud tumor,intracranial infection and so on. The patients in the case group were divided into 2 groups:1-3 years old group (38 cases) and 4-12 years old group (31 cases). Sixty healthy children were also divided into 2 groups:1-3 years old group (30 cases) and 4-12 years old group (30 cases). Results The hearing threshold was normal in the children of the control group. There was no significant difference not only in potential latency but also internal potential latency of BAEP between right and left ear. The abnormal rate of BAEP was 39. 1％ ( 27/69 ) in case groups,19 cases of them recovered(70. 4％,19/27) after 2 weeks of clinical treatment. Another 8 patients re-covered after 2 months. The abnormality rate of EEG was 5. 8％ (4/69),and the abnormality rate of CT or MRI in head was 14. 5％ (10/69). Both were nonspecific changes. In the two groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲinternal potential latency was significantly shortened ( P <0. 05 ) , and Ⅲ-Ⅴinternal potential latency was significantly pro-longed (P<0. 05)respectively,between the normal side and abnormal side. There were significant differences in the Ⅲ potential latency(P<0. 05),Ⅰ-Ⅲinternal potential latency (P<0. 01),and Ⅲ-Ⅴ internal poten-tial latency ( P <0. 01 ) respectively, between pretherapy and post-treatment. Conclusion Bell's palsy of children could cause abnormal of auditory nerve conduction,and BAEP could find the electro physiologic ab-normality in nervous system,and guide clinical intervention.

Combined use of thin-section CT andF-FDG PET/CT for characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) combined with thin-section CT improves the diagnostic performance for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 267 patients underwent examinations withF-FDG PET/CT and thin-section CT for evaluating the SPNs with undetermined nature, which was further confirmed by pathological examination or clinical follow-up. The performance of two diagnostic criteria based on findings in PET/CT alone (Criterion 1) and in PET/CT combined with thin-section CT (Criterion 2) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thin-section CT provided greater diagnostic information for SPNs in 84.2% of the patients. Compared with Criterion 1, the diagnosis based on Criterion 2 significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity (80.4% vs 91%, P<0.01) and accuracy (76.4% vs 87.2%, P<0.01) for lung cancer. The lesion size and the CT features including lobulation, air bronchogram, and feeding vessel, but not SUVmax, were all helpful for characterizing non-solid SPNs. Thin-section CT rectified diagnostic errors in 50% (20/40) of the cancerous lesions, which had been diagnosed as benign by PET due to their low metabolism. For non-solid SPNs, Criterion 2 showed a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than Criterion 1 (90.0% vs 40.0%, P=0.000) but their diagnostic specificity were comparable (75.2% vs 58.3%, P=0.667). For solid nodules, the use of thin-section CT resulted in no significant improvement in the diagnostic performance (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of PET/CT and thin-section CT creates a synergistic effect for the characterization of SPNs, especially non-solid nodules.</p>

Research on key technologies of accurate big data platform / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish an accurate big data platform to solve the problems due to the fusion of clinical data and genomics data.Methods The contents and technology roadmap were analyzed for establishing the accurate big data platform.The platform had its technology architecture designed with distributed memory,Hadoop technology,image fusion analysis,gene mutation point comparison and etc,and the difficulties in key technologies were discussed.Results A solution of accurate big data platform was put forward for information acquisition,storage,processing and analysis as well as infrastructure,application and etc.Conclusion The platform is of practical values for fulfilling big data network of precision medicine and research on clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Application of electromyography combined with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of brachial plexus injury in newborns / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the characteristics of electromyography(EMG) and MRI in the diagnosis of brachial plexus injury in newborns.Methods First,the EMG examination was conducted in 30 newborns with brachial plexus injury,where the brachial plexus of the five major nerve conduction and muscle EMG activity were measured.Second,the brachial plexus MRI was conducted to compare with the first examination.Results EMG revealed that 25 cases of upper and middle trunk palsy(83.3%),4 cases of total plexus palsy(13.3%) and 1 case of lower trunk palsy(3.3%) in the 30 cases,as well as 6 cases of plexus pre-ganglionic injury(20.0%),7 cases of complete injury(23.3%),23 cases of incomplete injury (76.7%).MRI showed that 5 cases of upper and middle trunk palsy(16.7%),1 case of total plexus palsy (3.3%),1 case of lower trunk palsy(3.3%),and 7 cases of plexus pre-ganglionic injury(23.3%)in the whole 30 cases.Conclusion EMG and MRI are both helpful to localize the brachial plexus injury.But EMG performs better compared with MRI towards the slight incomplete injury.Therefore,the combination of both methods can provide an accurate guidance for diagnosis.

Effects of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375 / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate effects of polyphylin Ⅰ on the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375,and to explore their mechanisms.Methods Normal human melanocytes isolated from healthy human foreskin were divided into 6 groups to be treated with 0,1.5,3.0,6.0,9.0,12.0 mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ respectively.A375 melanoma cells were divided into 4 groups,i.e.,control group,1.5-,3.0-,6.0-mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ groups,to be treated with 0,1.5,3.0,6.0 mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ,respectively.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate the effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the proliferation of normal human melanocytes and A375 cells.Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was conducted to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells,flow cytometry to estimate cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis rate,dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe assay to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS),rhodamine-123 staining to evaluate changes of mitochondrial membrane potential,spectrophotography to detect the level of ATP in A375 cells,as well as levels of lactic acid and glucose in the culture supernatant of A375 cells,and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of Bcl-2,Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax),cleaved-caspase-3,cyclin D1 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2).Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparisons among groups and Student-Newman-Keuls-q (SNK-q) test for multiple comparisons.Results CCK8 assay showed that the treatment with polyphyllin Ⅰ at concentrations of 1.5,3.0,6.0 mg/L for 48 hours had no effects on the proliferation of normal human melanocytes,but significantly inhibited the proliferation of A375 cells.The survival rate of A375 cells was significantly lower in the 1.5-,3.0-,6.0-mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ groups than in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).After the treatment with polyphyllin Ⅰ,distinct apoptotic morphology of A375 cells was observed under fluorescence microscope.Additionally,along with the increase of polyphyllin Ⅰ concentrations (0,1.5,3.0,6.0 mg/L),there were gradual increasing trends in the apoptosis rate of A375 cells (4.25％ ± 1.27％,10.03％ ± 1.49％,36.62％ ± 1.97％,44.11％ ± 2.47％ respectively,F =665.7,P ＜ 0.01),the percentage of A375 cells at G0/G1 phase (54.13％ ± 2.57％,67.35％ ± 3.79％,74.39％ ± 3.29％,82.29％ ± 3.99％ respectively,F =71.81,P ＜ 0.01),the level of ROS in A375 cells (P ＜ 0.01),the level of glucose in the culture supernatant (P ＜ 0.01),and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 (both P ＜ 0.01),while gradual decreasing trends were found in the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP in A375 cells (both P ＜ 0.01),the level of lactic acid in the culture supernatant (P ＜ 0.01),and the protein expression of Cyclin D1,Bcl-2 and PKM2 (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Polyphyllin Ⅰ can effectively induce A375 cell apoptosis by promoting the production of ROS in A375 cells and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential,and arrest A375 cells at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting the expression of PKM2 and Cyclin D1.

Research on key technologies of accurate big data platform / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To establish an accurate big data platform to solve the problems due to the fusion of clinical data and genomics data.Methods The contents and technology roadmap were analyzed for establishing the accurate big data platform.The platform had its technology architecture designed with distributed memory,Hadoop technology,image fusion analysis,gene mutation point comparison and etc,and the difficulties in key technologies were discussed.Results A solution of accurate big data platform was put forward for information acquisition,storage,processing and analysis as well as infrastructure,application and etc.Conclusion The platform is of practical values for fulfilling big data network of precision medicine and research on clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome complicated by a ventricular septal defect: a case report / 南方医科大学学报

The co-occurrence of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) and ventricular septal defects is rare. Here we present a case of BRBNS in a 15-year-old boy who was born with multiple cavernous hemangiomas and a ventricular septal defect. Examinations revealed the presence of hemangioma lesions in the subcutaneous and mucosal tissues as well as in the cerebrum, nasopharynx, tongue, esophagus, gastric body, sigmoid colon and adrenal gland. Combined imaging modalities played an important role in the diagnosis of hemangioma lesions.

F-FDG PET/CT findings of primary intestinal lymphoma: analysis of 23 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristicF-FDG PET/CT findings in patients with primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected the clinical andF-FDG PET/CT data of 23 patients with PIL who underwentF-FDG PET/CT in our center between January, 2005 and January, 2016. The location, morphologies and metabolic features of the lesions were analyzed in these patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 23 PIL patients, diffusive large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and enteropathy- associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) were the primary histopathological types, accounting for 47.8% and 43.4% of the total patients, respectively. The ileum, ileocecus and ascending colon were the most commonly compromised locations (57.0%). All the 42 intestinal lesions showedF-FDG-avid foci with a mean SUVmax of 15.2∓8.1 (range 3.6-33.7), and no significant difference was found in SUVmax between DLBCL and EATL groups (t=1.851, P=0.073). Diffusive regular or irregular intestinal wall thickening was the primary CT finding in PIL lesions without significant difference between the two groups (χ=0.426, P=0.514). The aneurismal sign was found in 26.2% (11/42) lesions, more commonly seen in the patients with DLBCL than in those with EATL (χ=8.101, P=0.004). PET/CT detected abdominal lymph node involvement of lymphoma was detected in 56.5% of the patients, and a small quantity of asites was seen in 30.4% of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PIL presents with characteristic imaging features inF-FDG PET/CT.F-FDG PET/CT is a sensitive imaging modality for detecting inter- and extra-intestinal lesions of PIL and displays characteristic imaging features of the disease.</p>

Effect of dexamethasone contamination in drinking water on intestinal flora in mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of water pollution with dexamethasone on intestinal flora in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group and low-, moderate- and high-dose dexamethasone groups. The mice in dexamethasone groups were exposed to dexamethasone sodium phosphate in drinking water at doses of 0.035, 0.225, and 2.25 ng for 36 days. The changes in behaviors, fur condition, and feces of the mice were observed daily. All the mice were sacrificed at 36 days and the tissues in the ileocecal region was collected for denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA V6 variable regions of microbes and sequence analysis with BLAST.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mice in the 3 dexamethasone groups all showed aggressive behaviors. Cluster analysis of DGGE graph showed relatively stable floras in the ileocecal region in all the mice, but principal component analysis identified differences in the dominating flora among the groups. Diversity analysis of the flora revealed significantly increased amount and types of bacteria in the intestinal flora in all the 3 dexamethasone groups (P<0.05 or 0.01) compared with the control group. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA V6 regions showed 15 common bacterial species and 2 differential species between the dexamethasone groups and the control group with changes in the type and proportion of the dominating bacterium in the dexamethasone groups. Lactobacillus colonization was detected in the control group but not in moderate- and high-dose dexamethasone groups, and Shigella species were found in the latter two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Water contamination with dexamethasone can affect the nervous system of mice, cause changes in the types and amounts of intestinal bacteria and the dominating bacteria, and inhibit the colonization of probiotics in the intestinal floras to increase the risk of invasion by intestinal pathogenic bacteria.</p>

Screening of Alzheimer's disease-associated gene expression changes through peripheral blood monocytes extracted gene microarray analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To screen the amyloid protein-β(Aβ)degradation-associated genes through peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC)-extracted gene microarray analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods PBMC were isolated from blood of elderly AD patients versus age-matched healthy individuals(control).The cDNA(mRNAs)were analyzed using gene microarray.And real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection and enzyme activity analysis were used to verify the primary outcome of gene chip.Results The expression of cathepsin D mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes was 104.70±15.96 in AD patients as compared with the control group 49.86±5.19,and the activity of cathepsin D was (22 620 ± 1 389) RFU in AD versus (32 210 ± 2 284) RFU in control (both P＜0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that the decreased levels of cathepsin D could be the stage markers related to the pathophysiology of AD process.Based on the microarray data,we select cathepsin D genes for further study.

Expression and significance of IL-37 and proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris before and after treatment / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the expression alteration and significance of inteleukin (IL)-37 in pso-riasis valguris (PV) patients. Methods Patients with PV had been treated with oral acitretin for 8 weeks. PASI score, ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to exam the data of 38 patients (PV group) and 32 controls (control group). Results IL-37 in PV group was significantly higher than that in control group (P 0.05) but decreased obviously after 8 weeks(P < 0.001). Signif-icant correlations existed among PASI scores, IL-37, IFN-γ and IL-17, as well as among IL-37 and IFN-γ, IL-17 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The increase of IL-37 is relevant to PV development and is associated with pa-tients’ conditions, IFN-γ and IL-17 but the alteration of IL-37 is not related with IL-4.

Expression andsignificance of miR-155 in psoriasis vulgaris / 实用医学杂志

Objective Toexplore the expression and significance of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Areal-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method with TaqMan probe technology was performed to detect miR-155 expression in skin lesion area and nonskinlesionalarea of 35 patients with psoriasis vulgaris , compared with that of 30 normal controls. The correlations among miR-155 expression, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)expression were studied. Results The expressions of miR-155 and IL-17A in lesional and non-lesionalgroups were higher than that of control group (all P < 0.01). Also expressions in lesional skin were higher than non-lesional skin (both P < 0.01). In skin lesion group, significant positive correlations existed betweenmiR-155 or IL-17A expression and PASI score as well as miR-155 and IL-17A expression (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Up-expression of miR-155 was relevant to psoriasis development , which is related withthe hyperfunctionof Th17 cells in psoriasis.

The mechanism of tenuigenin for eliminating waste product accumulation in cerebral neurons of Alzheimer's disease rats via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the scavenging action of tenuigenin (TEN) on intracerebral amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregation and the abnormal phosphorylated tau protein and its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats' brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Aβ1-40 was injected into the right CA1 region hippocampus to establish the AD model. Successfully modeled rats were divided into the model group, the low, middle, high TEN group. Rats were administered with TEN (18.5, 37.0, 74.0 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up. Expression levels of Aβ1-40 and Tau p-Ser262 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-protein ligase E3 were measured by Western blotting.The content of 26S proteasome was detected by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of Aβ and Tau p-Ser262 positively reacted neurons significantly increased in model group, when compared with the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed expression levels of ubiquitinated protein were up-regulated and those of Ub-protein ligase E3 were down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that the content of 26S proteasome significantly decreased in AD rats' brain (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of Aβ1-40, Tau p-Ser262, and Ub significantly decreased; expression levels of Ub-protein ligase E3 apparently increased; the content of 26S proteasome significantly increased in each TEN treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Best effect was shown in 37.0 mg/kg and 74.0 mg/kg TEN groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ub proteasome pathway (UPP) participated in the occurrence of AD. TEN could obviously reduce intracere- bral Aβ1-40 accumulation and abnormal tau phosphorylation.</p>

Performance of Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elastography in Assessing Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the best shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitative parameters including the maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity(Emean), minimum elasticity, standard deviation and ratio of Emean (Eratio) in assessing benign and malignant breast lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 302 breast lesions underwent conventional ultrasound and SWE. Each lesion was classified according to ultrasound Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values of SWE quantitative parameters and to suggest breast lesions as benign or malignant. The sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index (sum of sensitivity and specificity minus 1) of SWE quantitative parameters were compared,and then the sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index of the combinations of each SWE parameters in assessing breast lesions were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index of the Emax were 0.87,0.97 and 0.84,which were higher than other SWE parameters (all P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and the Youden index of Emax combined with ultrasound BI-RADS were 0.86,0.97 and 0.83, which were higher than other combinations (all P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with other parameters, Emax has the best performance in assessing breast lesions. It can be used as an important quantitative indicator for the evaluation of benign and malignant breast lesions.</p>